Present Tenses
Tiempos Presentes en Inglés

1. Simple Present
(Presente Simple)

a. Usage
(Uso)

The simple present is used to:
(El presente simple se utiliza para:)

• Talk about habits and routines.
  (Hablar de hábitos y rutinas.)


• Express general truths or facts.
  (Expresar verdades generales o hechos.)


• Describe permanent situations.
  (Describir situaciones permanentes.)

b. Structure
(Estructura)

The basic structure is:
(La estructura básica es:)

• Affirmative: Subject + verb (base form) + complement.
  (Afirmativa: Sujeto + verbo (en forma base) + complemento.)


• Negative: Subject + do/does not + verb (base form) + complement.
  (Negativa: Sujeto + do/does not + verbo (en forma base) + complemento.)


• Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + verb (base form) + complement?
  (Interrogativa: Do/Does + sujeto + verbo (en forma base) + complemento?)

c. Examples
(Ejemplos)

• Affirmative: "She plays tennis every Saturday."
  (Afirmativa: "Ella juega tenis todos los sábados.")


• Negative: "He does not like broccoli."
  (Negativa: "A él no le gusta el brócoli.")


• Interrogative: "Do you speak English?"
  (Interrogativa: "¿Hablas inglés?")

d. Notes on the third person
(Notas sobre la tercera persona)

In the third person singular (he, she, it), "s" or "es" is added to the verb.
(En la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it), se añade "s" o "es" al verbo.)

Example: "He runs fast." / "She watches TV."
(Ejemplo: "Él corre rápido." / "Ella mira TV.")

2. Present Continuous (Progressive)
(Presente Continuo (Progresivo))

a. Usage
(Uso)

The present continuous is used to:
(El presente continuo se utiliza para:)

• Talk about actions happening at this moment.
  (Hablar de acciones que están ocurriendo en este momento.)


• Describe temporary actions.
  (Describir acciones temporales.)


• Talk about future plans.
  (Hablar de planes futuros.)

b. Structure
(Estructura)

The basic structure is:
(La estructura básica es:)

• Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing + complement.
  (Afirmativa: Sujeto + am/is/are + verbo-ing + complemento.)


• Negative: Subject + am/is/are not + verb-ing + complement.
  (Negativa: Sujeto + am/is/are not + verbo-ing + complemento.)


• Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing + complement?
  (Interrogativa: Am/Is/Are + sujeto + verbo-ing + complemento?)

c. Examples

• Affirmative: "I am studying for my exam."
  (Afirmativa: "Estoy estudiando para mi examen.")


• Negative: "They are not playing soccer right now."
  (Negativa: "Ellos no están jugando fútbol ahora mismo.")


• Interrogative: "Are you coming to the party?"
  (Interrogativa: "¿Estás viniendo a la fiesta?")

3. Present Perfect
(Presente Perfecto)

a. Usage

The present perfect is used to:
(El presente perfecto se utiliza para:)

• Talk about actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now.
  (Hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no específico antes del ahora.)


• Express past experiences without mentioning when they happened.
  (Expresar experiencias pasadas sin mencionar cuándo sucedieron.)


• Talk about actions that began in the past and continue in the present.
  (Hablar de acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente.)

b. Structure

The basic structure is:
(La estructura básica es:)

• Affirmative: Subject + have/has + past participle of the verb + complement.
  (Afirmativa: Sujeto + have/has + participio pasado del verbo + complemento.)


• Negative: Subject + have/has not + past participle of the verb + complement.
  (Negativa: Sujeto + have/has not + participio pasado del verbo + complemento.)


• Interrogative: Have/Has + subject + past participle of the verb + complement?
  (Interrogativa: Have/Has + sujeto + participio pasado del verbo + complemento?)

c. Examples

• Affirmative: "I have visited Paris."
  (Afirmativa: "He visitado París.")


• Negative: "She has not finished her homework."
  (Negativa: "Ella no ha terminado su tarea.")


• Interrogative: "Have you ever seen a lion?"
  (Interrogativa: "¿Alguna vez has visto un león?")

4. Present Perfect Continuous
(Presente Perfecto Continuo)

a. Usage

The present perfect continuous is used to:
(El presente perfecto continuo se utiliza para:)

• Talk about actions that began in the past and continue to the present, emphasizing the duration of the action.
  (Hablar de acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continúan hasta el presente, enfatizando la duración de la acción.)

b. Structure

The basic structure is:
(La estructura básica es:)

• Affirmative: Subject + have/has been + verb-ing + complement.
  (Afirmativa: Sujeto + have/has been + verbo-ing + complemento.)


• Negative: Subject + have/has not been + verb-ing + complement.
  (Negativa: Sujeto + have/has not been + verbo-ing + complemento.)


• Interrogative: Have/Has + subject + been + verb-ing + complement?
  (Interrogativa: Have/Has + sujeto + been + verbo-ing + complemento?)

c. Examples

• Affirmative: "They have been studying for three hours."
  (Afirmativa: "Ellos han estado estudiando durante tres horas.")


• Negative: "He has not been working here long."
  (Negativa: "Él no ha estado trabajando aquí mucho tiempo.")


• Interrogative: "Have you been waiting long?"
  (Interrogativa: "¿Has estado esperando mucho tiempo?")

5. Comparison between Present Tenses
(Comparación entre los Tiempos Presentes)